Computer-Based Learning

Computer-based learning is a term that can be used to describe virtually any kind of learning program using computers as a central staple. This approach to learning takes advantage of the interactive elements of computer software , along with the computer’s ability to present many different kinds of media. There are several potential advantages of computer-based learning programs, including the ability for people to learn from their homes and study without the assistance of an instructor.

Some people are opposed to computer-based learning because they feel it depersonalizes the classroom experience, and that it may lack the necessary flexibility to handle problems that students face during the learning process. Computer-based learning has been used as a tool in the midst of a more traditional classroom experience. It has also been used as a primary education method, especially in many online education programs.

The use of computers for learning has generally increased with the advancement of technology. The ability of computer hardware to process and present many different media types has allowed for more complex computer learning strategies . An example would be a training module that uses video along with text and audio files for lectures. Tests and exercises are often handled in an interactive manner, and sometimes they can almost be like games, depending on the style of the implementation.

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Using Computers for analysis

Quantitative analysis with computers

When you are handling large amounts of data and need to store or to arrange data items efficiently, a computer based approach is invaluable. The ability of a computer to make repetitive calculations rapidly and accurately has revolutionised quantitative research and it would now seem rather out of keeping with normal practice to try to undertake such analysis by hand.
There are large numbers of computer programs that can assist with quantitative analysis.

Probably the most commonly used are Matlab, Excel and SPSS all of which are available on computers on the University network.

Computers and qualitative research

It is sometimes argued that computer programmes can distance the researcher from the data and thereby influence negatively the analysis and interpretation of meaning. Notwithstanding these criticisms, several good computer programmes exist that can help the researcher to manage large data sets and the processes of filing, storage, coding, retrieval and presentation of data. These Computer Aided Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS) programmes can replace or support some of the manual tasks that qualitative researchers need to undertake. Tesch (1993) suggests that these programmes can help with the different approaches to qualitative research (language orientated, descriptive or interpretative and theory building) by assisting with:

• Storing, annotating and retrieving texts
• Finding words, phrases and segments of data
• Naming or labeling data
• Sorting and organising the data into manageable sections
• Identifying sections (known as units) of data
• Preparing diagrams and maps on screen
• Retrieving and extracting quotes.

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The Importance Of Computers In Our Daily Lives

In the current world, it’s almost impossible to imagine that someone can live  without computers. Computers have become an electronic device of almost every day use for individuals of every age. They are essential in almost all the business dealings that are made nowadays. The most that any industry has gained from the discovery of the computers is the business industry because of its nature. Computers have gained significance as they have improved the efficiency and productivity of work done. Large amounts of information in industrial and business sectors as well as in the personal lives are stored on computers.

Computers can help businesses by making their staff efficient and productive and also save their valuable time in any business or office. Computers in schools will help the learners to comprehend the basic concepts better with the help of video or audio examples. Computers in higher learning institutions will help the professors and researchers to do their work very fast and in an efficient and better way and also help them to share the same knowledge with their other members of staff. Computers become a vital gadget in several sectors; railways, banking, electricity, telephone departments, shopping carts etc are just but a few of them.

Computers are also used in the medical industry to help doctors in diagnosing the diseases quickly and efficiently. All the administrative systems, whether private or public are now using computers and this practice can be evident in every part of the world.

Computers have also helped the media and the entertainment industries. Be it a multi-million dollars movie or a two minutes commercial, computers have changed the usual concept of providing entertainment to the public. With the computer business growing so fast, the computer industry has also brought about an invention. Tablets, palmtops, and laptops have replaced the desktops. With the decrease in size, it has become very easy to carry the computer and use them anywhere you are to the fullest.


The importance of computers in our daily lives can be judged by the number of people using them each single day. Computer is not only used by professionals, but also by the little children and grownups at our homes.

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What Are the Advantages of Computers in Business?

Computers have tremendously improved the way businesses operate in their respective industries. Technology has advanced so remarkably that those who are not using computers in their business are at a major disadvantage against their competitors. In particular, there are several important advantages that computers can provide to small businesses.

Organization

Computers allow the application of different types of software that can help businesses keep track of their files, documents, schedules and deadlines. Computers also allow businesses to organize all of their information in a very accessible manner. The ability to store large amounts of data on a computer is convenient and inexpensive, and saves space. A computer's ability to allow a company to organize its files efficiently leads to better time management and productivity.

Self-Sufficiency

Computers have made staff and companies more self-sufficient by allowing them to do tasks that previously had to be outsourced. For example, a company can now use office software to create their own training material. Desktop publishing software can be used to create marketing materials. Online tax and accounting programs allow companies to prepare their own taxes. This allows the dominant operations of a company to remain in-house and empowers the company to become more independent and less susceptible to errors committed by outside parties.

Cost-Effective

Emerging technology makes new tools and services more affordable and allows companies to save on their staff payroll and office equipment. Because computers allow work to be done faster and more efficiently, it is possible for a company to hire fewer staff. In addition, with networked and relatively inexpensive computers, companies can store data more easily, saving on the cost of outside file storage, and can avoid having to purchase as many copiers, fax machines, typewriters, and other such items that were used before computers became popular. Correspondingly, potentially profitable businesses can be started with a smaller overhead cost. Email capabilities decrease postage costs; software applications reduce the need for large accounting departments, while videoconferencing reduces the need for travel. All resources saved will trickle down to the consumers, who are then provided with much more affordable products and service.

Speed

Computers help speed up other business operations. The collecting of consumer feedback, ordering of raw materials, and inspection of products is made quicker through the use of computers, allowing companies to operate much faster and to produce better quality results.

Cheaper Research and Development

R&D, or research and development, costs will also decrease with the help of computers. Scientific research can now be done using the Internet and computer software applications designed to develop and produce new products and services. For example, instead of a company having to do in-person focus groups on a potential new product or to determine their target market, the company can conduct a widespread online survey for a far lower cost. In addition, new models of a product can be created online using virtual pictures and drawings instead of having to be hand-drawn. These interactive models created using software programs can help bring the product and its features to life for a far lower cost than creating an actual physical model of the given product.

Sales

Computers can help generate higher sales and profits for businesses via a company website. Many businesses now operate online and around the clock to allow customers from around the world to shop for their products and services.

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Android grabs 85 per cent of smartphone market

WASHINGTON: Smartphones powered by the Android operating system captured 85 percent of the worldwide market in the second quarter, threatening to marginalize rival platforms, a new survey shows.

Strategy Analytics said overall smartphone  shipments were up 27 percent from a year ago to 295 million, with most of the growth in devices using Android, the free mobile system from Google.

Apple's  iPhone  managed to increase sales to 35 million in the quarter, the survey showed, but Apple's global market share fell to 11.9 percent from 13.4 percent a year ago, said the report released Wednesday.

"Android is on the verge of turning smartphone platforms into a one-horse race," said Strategy Analytics executive director Neil Mawston.

"Its low-cost services and user-friendly software remain wildly attractive to hardware makers, operators and consumers worldwide. Rival OS vendors are going to have to do something revolutionary to overturn Android's huge lead in smartphone shipments."

Mawston said the only significant threats to Android are the large-screen iPhones expected to come from Apple  later this year and the ultra-low cost Firefox phones.

Global smartphone growth in the past quarter is at its lowest level for five years, according to the survey, but there are wide regional differences.

"Africa and Asia are booming, while North America and Europe are maturing," said analyst  Linda Sui.

According to Strategy Analytics, Microsoft saw Windows Phone sales decline to eight million units in the quarter from 8.9 million a year ago. That dropped its market share to 2.7 percent from 3.8 percent.

BlackBerry's woes are deepening, according to the survey, which found unit sales tumbling 66 percent to 1.9 million, and market share falling to 0.6 percent.

A report earlier this week from research firm  IDC  showed smartphone sales at a similar level of 295 million, with the largest gains coming from Chinese makers  Lenovo  and  Huawei .

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Why Computers are used widely?

The computers process information's that come in all shapes and sizes from any fields so accurately that, some people may call these "Informatics"— The Science of Informal ion Processing, i.e. the methods of recording, manipulating and retrieving information's. It may be from a mathematical equation to a company's work-force necessary to produce a payroll or from meteorological department to forecast tomorrow's weather or from space research to project a new space craft. Whatever may be the case, why computers are used widely?

The following characteristics that make the computers very popular for its multifarious uses may give the befitting reply.

(i) Speed
First, the computers are regarded as high speed calculators. They can process voluminous data within a fraction of second which no human being could do earlier. If we want tomorrow's forecast today, meteorologists can use the computers for necessary calculations and analyses. The units of speed of a computer are the microsecond, the nano (10)^-9 second and even the picot second.

(ii) Storage
As human brain can store the knowledge in memory and can able to recall it, the Central Processing Unit (CPU) of a computer can do the same job without any failure. But the internal memory of CPU is only large enough to retain a certain amount of information. So, to store each and every information inside the computer, an Auxiliary or Secondary Storage Device is being attached outside the memory of the CPU.

(iii) Accuracy
The computers are much popular due to their high speed along with consistently very high accuracy. Sometimes, the machinery may give errors, but due to increase in efficiently error-detecting techniques, these seldom lead to false results. Most of the errors in computers are due to human himself.

(iv) Automation
Once a programme is in the computer's memory, it will start processing the input information's; thus leading to automation.

(v) Versatility
The computers are versatile in nature. They can perform any task given to them provided they are well programmed,

(vi) Diligence

Being a machine, a computer is very diligent in its duties. It never suffers from human fatigue and tiredness or lack of concentration. It can perform thousands after thousands calculations with exactly same accuracy and speed as the first one without any rest.

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Computer Aided Process Planning

Introduction

Technological advances are reshaping the face of manufacturing, creating paperless manufacturing environments in which computer automated process planning (CAPP) will play a preeminent role. The two reasons for this effect are: Costs are declining, which encourages partnerships between CAD and CAPP developers and access to manufacturing data is becoming easier to accomplish in multivendor environments. This is primarily due to increasing use of LANs; IGES and the like are facilitating transfer of data from one point to another on the network; and relational databases (RDBs) and associated structured query language (SQL) allow distributed data processing and data access.
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With the introduction of computers in design and manufacturing, the process planning part needed to be automated. The shop trained people who were familiar with the details of machining and other processes were gradually retiring and these people would be unavailable in the future to do process planning. An alternative way of accomplishing this function was needed and Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP) was the alternative. Computer aided process planning was usually considered to be a part of computer aided manufacturing. However computer aided manufacturing was a stand alone system. Infact a synergy results when CAM is combined with CAD to create a CAD/CAM. In such a system CAPP becomes the direct connection between design and manufacturing.

Moreover, the reliable knowledge based computer-aided process planning application MetCAPP software looks for the least costly plan capable of producing the design and continuously generates and evaluates the plans until it is evident that non of the remaining plans will be any better than the best one seen so far. The goal is to find a useful reliable solution to a real manufacturing problem in a safer environment. If alternate plans exist, rating including safer conditions is used to select the best plans

COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN (CAD)

A product must be defined before it can be manufactured. Computer Aided Design involves any type of design activity that makes use of the computer to develop, analyze or modify an engineering design. There are a number of fundamental reasons for implementing a computer aided design system.
a. Increase the productivity of the designer: This is accomplished by helping the designer to visualize the product and its component subassemblies and parts; and by reducing the time required in synthesizing, analyzing, and documenting the design. This productivity improvement translates not only into lower design cost but also into shorter project completion times.
b. To improve the quality of the design: A CAD system permits a more thorough engineering analysis and a larger number of design alternatives can be investigated. Design errors are also reduced through the greater accuracy provided by the system. These factors lead to a better design.
c. To improve communications: Use of a CAD system provides better engineering drawings, more standardization in the drawings, better documentation of the design, fewer drawing error, and greater legibility.
d. To create a database for manufacturing: In the process of creating a the documentation for the product design (geometries and dimensions of the product and its components, material specification for components, bill of materials etc), much of the required data base to manufacture the product is also created.

Reference: http://www.mentorus.co.in